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Stages of Crime

Stages of Crime

  1. Intention to commit the Crime 
  2. Preparation to commit the Crime
  3. Attempt to commit the Crime
  4. Accomplishment

Intention to Commit the Crime

It is the first stage to commit crime because without an intention no one can commit a crime. No person can be convicted for having an intention to do crime. It is not a crime the intention of the person could be changed due to various factors.

Illustration

If A has an intention a place to meet his daily needs due to unemployment. Then, the next day A gets a job offer which helps him to meet his daily need so, the intention of robbing a place vanishes from the mind of A. So, A could not be convicted.

Preparation to Commit the Crime

It is the second stage of committing the crime. In this stage when person has an intent to commit a crime and starts preparing for it. While most of crime in preparation stage are not considered a crime.

Illustration

If A purchases a pistol and keeps it loaded in his pocket so that he could kill his bitter enemy B and does nothing more. Since no offence has taken place till now, prosecution can’t prove the purpose of purchasing the pistol is solely to kill B as it could be interpreted that A carries a pistol so that he could protect himself from the attack from B.

 

But there are some crimes in which the person could be convicted in preparation stage only.

Illustration 1

If A purchases Arms and Ammunition in order to wage a war against the government of India and prosecution is able to prove the intention. Then A would be convicted in the preparation stage only.

Illustration 2

A buy all the material required to make counterfeit currency and also has the intention to do so, so A could be convicted because he had intention to produce counterfeit currency and has been preparing for doing it also.

Attempt to Commit the Crime

Attempt is the direct movement towards the commission of a crime after the preparation is made. According to English law, a person may be guilty of an attempt to commit an offence if he does an act which is more than merely preparatory to the commission of the offence; and a person will be guilty of attempting to commit an offence even though the facts are such that the commission of the offence is impossible. There are three essentials of an attempt: -

•       intention to commit an offence;

•       Some act done towards the commission of the offence;

•       The act must fall short of the completed offence.

Illustration

If A had a plan to kill B and buys a knife for the same and later on attacks B with knife but fortunately, B survives with minor injuries. So, A would be convicted as it fulfils all the condition to be considered an attempt to kill.

 

Accomplishment

The last stage in the commission of an offence is its accomplishment or completion. If the accused succeeds in his attempt to commit the crime, he will be guilty of the complete offence and if his attempt is unsuccessful he will be guilty of an attempt only.

Illustration

A fire at B with the intention to kill him, if B dies, A will be guilty for committing the offence of murder and if B is only injured, it will be a case of attempt to murder.

 

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